Hlola isigaba sethu se-FAQs ukuze uthole imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile emthwalweni omkhulu futhi okhuluphele.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini efaneleka njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, izinselele ezihilelekile, noma imibhalo ebalulekile edingekayo ukuze kuthuthwe impahla enjalo kwamanye amazwe, sinezimpendulo ozifunayo.Thola ukuqonda okujulile kwale nkambu ekhethekile nokuthi siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthuthwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kokuthunyelwa kwakho okubalulekile.
Impahla enkulu kakhulu nekhuluphele ngokweqile, kumongo wokuhanjiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, isho ukuthunyelwa okweqa izilinganiso ezijwayelekile nemikhawulo yesisindo ebekwe yimithetho yezokuthutha.Ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi impahla edlula ubude obuphelele, ububanzi, ubude, noma imikhawulo yesisindo ebekwe ukuthunyelwa, ukuthutha ngendiza, noma iziphathimandla zezokuthutha ezihamba phansi.
Ukuphatha imithwalo emikhulu nekhuluphele kakhulu kubangela izinselelo ezimbalwa ekuziphatheni kwamazwe ngamazwe.Lezi zinselelo zihlanganisa:
1. Imikhawulo yengqalasizinda: Ukutholakala okulinganiselwe noma ingqalasizinda enganele emachwebeni, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, noma emigwaqweni kungakhinyabeza ukuphathwa kwezinto ezikhethekile ezidingekayo kumthwalo onjalo, njengamakhreni, ama-forklift, nama-trailer.
2. Ukuthobela umthetho nomthetho: Ukuhambisana nemithetho kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe elawula izimvume, imikhawulo yemigwaqo, nezinqubo zokuphepha kubalulekile.Ukuzulazula ngale mithethonqubo kungaba nzima futhi kudle isikhathi.
3. Ukuhlela umzila nokuba nokwenzeka: Ukuhlonza imizila yezokuthutha efanelekile kucatshangelwa ubukhulu bempahla, isisindo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo endleleni kubalulekile.Izinto ezinjengamabhuloho aphansi, imigwaqo ewumngcingo, noma izindawo ezinesisindo esilinganiselwe zidinga ukubalwa ngazo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okuphumelelayo.
4. Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka: Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwempahla kanye nabasebenzi abathintekayo ekuphatheni nasekuthuthweni kubaluleke kakhulu.Ukuvikela okufanelekile, ukubopha, kanye namasu okuphatha kufanele kusetshenziswe ukunciphisa ubungozi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
5. Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko: Impahla emikhulu nekhuluphele ngokuvamile ingenisa izindleko zokuthutha eziphakeme ngenxa yezinto ezikhethekile, izimvume, iziphelezeli, kanye nokubambezeleka okungaba khona.Ukulinganisa kwezindleko okunembile kanye nesabelomali kuba semqoka ekuhleleni okusebenzayo kwezinto.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwempahla emikhulu nekhuluphele kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa:
1. Ukuhlolwa kwempahla okunemininingwane: Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobukhulu bempahla, isisindo, kanye nezimfuneko zokuphatha okukhethekile kubalulekile.Lokhu kusiza ukunquma amathuluzi afanelekile, ukupakisha, kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ezidingekayo zokuthutha okuphephile.
2. Ubuchwepheshe nolwazi: Ukubandakanya ochwepheshe bezokuthutha abanolwazi olunzulu ekuphatheni imithwalo emikhulu nekhuluphele kubalulekile.Ubungcweti babo ekuhleleni umzila, ukuvikela impahla, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kuqinisekisa inqubo yokuthutha engenabushelelezi nevikelekile.
3. Izixazululo zokuthutha ezenziwe ngokwezifiso: Ukuhlanganisa izixazululo zezokuthutha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zempahla kubalulekile.Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa ama-trailer akhethekile, amakhreni, noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza ezifanele ukuphatha imithwalo emikhulu.Ukwengeza, ukuhlela izimvume ezidingekayo kanye nokuphelezelwa okusekelwe ezicini zempahla kubalulekile.
4. Izimiso eziqinile zokuphepha: Ukusebenzisa izimiso eziqinile zokuphepha kuyo yonke inqubo yezokuthutha kubalulekile.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvikeleka kwempahla nokuqiniswa okufanele, ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuhambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha, kanye nokuhlinzekwa komshwalense okwanele ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona.
5. Ukuqapha nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo: Ukugcina amasistimu okulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nezokuxhumana kwenza ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwendawo kanye nesimo somthwalo.Lokhu kuvumela ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi uma kuba nezimo ezingalindelekile noma ukulungiswa okudingekayo ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ukuthutha impahla emikhulu nekhuluphele kwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile kudinga imibhalo elandelayo:
1. I-Bill of Lading (B/L): I-AB/L isebenza njengenkontileka yenqola phakathi komthumeli nomthwali.Kuhlanganisa imininingwane efana nomthumeli, othunyiweyo, incazelo yempahla, nemibandela yezokuthutha.
2. Uhlu Lokupakisha: Lo mbhalo unikeza uhlu oluningiliziwe lwempahla ethuthwayo, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu, isisindo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imiyalelo yokuphatha ekhethekile.
3. Imibhalo Yentela Yempahla Ethengiswayo: Kuye ngamazwe ahilelekile, imibhalo yentela yempahla ethengiswayo efana nama-invoyisi ezohwebo, izimemezelo zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, namafomu okugunyazwa kwempahla engenayo nempahla engenayo angase adingeke.
4. Izimvume Nezimvume Ezikhethekile: Impahla emikhulu ngokuvamile idinga izimvume ezikhethekile noma ukugunyazwa okuvela kwabaphathi bezokuthutha.Le mibhalo ikhombisa ukuthobela imithethonqubo emayelana nobukhulu, isisindo, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidingo ezithile.
Sikholelwa "kusixazululo kuqala, quotation okwesibili".Uma impahla yakho ibekwe ngendlela efanele kusukela ekuqaleni uzokonga izindleko nesikhathi.Ochwepheshe bethu abakhethekile bempahla baqinisekisa ezokuthutha eziphephile nezithembekile - kanye nokufika kwempahla yakho emikhulu ngokuhleleka nesimo esihle.Amashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho asenza ukukhetha kwakho kokuqala ezinseleleni zakho ezikhethekile zempahla.
Ukukusiza ngophenyo lwakho olukhethekile lwempahla, ochwepheshe bethu badinga ulwazi olulandelayo:
1. Ubukhulu (ubude, ububanzi, ubude)
2. Isisindo esiphelele kubandakanya ukupakishwa
3. Inombolo nendawo yokuphakamisa nokuqhunyiswa
4. Izithombe, imidwebo kanye nolwazi olusekelayo (uma lukhona)
5. Uhlobo lwezimpahla / impahla (impahla)
6. Uhlobo lokupakisha
7. Usuku olulungele ukuthwala impahla